Facilities

 

The undergraduate curriculum in Aerospace Engineering is designed to provide a comprehensive program of study leading to a Bachelor's Degree.  A key part of this program is the laboratory experience, which is carefully designed to complement the concepts studied in the classroom and to introduce the student to a variety of experimental techniques and modern instrumentation.

 

Objectives of the Undergraduate Laboratories: The objectives of the undergraduate laboratories in aerospace engineering are to provide the student with:

 

i)      a sound education in the fundamentals of experimental methods, diagnostics, and advanced instrumentation;

ii)     a laboratory experience that emphasizes a highly personal and hands-on involvement with challenging experiments, and a chance to learn through measurement and inference;

iii)    physical insights into the subject matter encountered in the classroom; and

iv)   experimentally-derived results that can be compared with theoretical predictions discussed in the classroom, thus developing in the student a strong feeling and appreciation for the need to continually compare theory with observations; and

v)    an opportunity to make technical presentations (written and oral) and respond to questions.

 

The Role of the Laboratories in the Curriculum: The laboratory portion of the program of study is designed around the following courses.

 

                        i)      Required laboratory courses in the three fundamental disciplines that are the focus of the undergraduate aerospace curriculum, namely aerodynamics, flight mechanics, and structures.

ii)     A computer course and computer applications laboratory that support all of the other laboratory and lecture courses in the curriculum.

 

The laboratory courses consist of the following.

 

AE 3051 - Experimental Fluid Mechanics.  The course complements AE 2020 (Low Speed Aerodynamics), AE 3450 (Thermodynamics and Compressible Flow) and AE 3021 (High-Speed Aerodynamics).

 

AE 3145 - Structures Laboratory.  This course complements AE 2120 (Introduction to Mechanics), AE 3120 (Introduction to Structural Analysis) and AE 3121 (Aerospace Structural Analysis)

 

AE 4525 -Control System Design Laboratory.  This course complements AE 3515 and AE 3521 (Aircraft and Spacecraft Flight Dynamics).

 

COE 1361 – Computing for Engineers.  This course supports all laboratory and lecture courses in the curriculum.

 

In addition, the Aerospace Computer Lab is a facility that supports all laboratory and lecture courses in the aerospace engineering curriculum by providing students access to modern computational resources for performing class assignments and projects, writing reports and preparing presentations.

 

Funding and Support for Laboratories: Funding for laboratory equipment is provided from the Institute, the School, and outside sources.  The school also supports the laboratories through monies for supplies and personal services.  Personal services take the form of Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) and support personnel.  Two to three Teaching Assistants are assigned to each of the three experimental laboratories; they set up the experiments, assist/oversee the student experimenters and help in grading laboratory reports, all under faculty supervision.  Support personnel include full-time employees in the aerospace engineering machine shop and electronics shop, and computer support specialists.  The school policy is that maintenance and repair of instructional laboratory equipment has the first call on the services of the support personnel. 

 

Funding for major equipment items purchased in the past has come primarily from the Institute through the Dean of Engineering, the Provost’s Office (Academic Affairs), and Student Technology Fees, as well as some funding from the AE School.  It is anticipated that funding support will continue to come from these sources, while outside support from both government (e.g., NSF) and industry will continue to be pursued.

 

Detailed Planning

 

A five-year plan has been prepared by the following faculty members, who are currently the sole or joint coordinators for these courses:

 

Flight Mechanic & Controls Laboratory

Dr. JVR Prasad., Professor

Dr. P. Tsiotras, Associate, Professor

Aerodynamics and Propulsion Laboratory

Dr. J. Seitzman, Associate Professor

Dr. N.M. Komerath, Professor

Aerospace Structures Laboratory

Dr. S. Dancila, Assistant Professor

Aerospace Computer Laboratory

Dr. J. I. Craig, Professor

Classroom Facilities

Dr. J. I. Craig, Professor

 

 

i)      Aerospace Computer Laboratory – The computing support staff in the AE School supports the Aerospace Computer Lab.  The laboratory is currently open from 8 a.m. until 4:30 p.m. on Monday-Friday.  It is operated in an unattended mode during these times.  All faculty members have direct access to the lab and can use it for instructional purposes at any time during the week.  Supervising graduate teaching assistants for the senior capstone design courses also have access to the lab and can use it on weekends and evenings for supervised lab sessions.  Otherwise, unattended operation of the lab outside normal business hours is not allowed. 

 

Operation of the Aerospace Computer Lab was initiated in the mid-1980’s with a dozen PC/AT class personal computers.  It was upgraded in 1990 with 32 Macintosh IIci systems, an AppleShare file server, an optical scanner, and three laser printers.  The lab was upgraded in Spring 1997 with the addition of 4 high-end Macintosh systems, 4 high-end Windows NT systems and 2 mid-range Windows 95 systems.  In 1999, all of the Macintosh systems were finally phased out and replaced with Windows NT systems.  In 2001, the older Windows NT systems were upgraded so that all 30 systems currently in the lab are running either Windows 2000 or Windows XP. 

 

The lab supports a suite of software that is appropriate to the educational and research objectives of the school.  The core includes word processors, spreadsheets, equation solvers, math systems, graphics systems, network access software, and all software in the suite of software that students are required to purchase.  In addition, a smaller number of special purpose software systems are maintained.

 

The lab hosts specialized software for supporting classes in computational structural analysis, computational aerodynamics, simulation, geometric modeling, and multimedia creation and presentation.  In 2001, a major computing resource was added using $65,000 in competitive funding won by Dr. Marilyn Smith and Dr. N.M. Komerath from the Technology Fee allotment program.  A Beowulf Cluster system was acquired and installed in laboratory space in the Weber Space Science and Technology Building.  The grant also allowed acquisition of an initial suite of computational fluid dynamics and flow visualization software.  The aim of this facility is to enable professional-level computation programs in fluid mechanics, solid mechanics and aeroelasticity into undergraduate courses.  The results from well-validated codes will be made available to formulate realistic problems, assess results using physical insight, and to give students a feel for the usage of such codes within an environment of academic guidance. 

 

The laboratory is located in Knight 318 and occupies approximately 700 square feet of space.  The room is equipped with an SVGA video projector and can be used for classroom instruction where each student has immediate access to a computer.  In addition the lab can be used to host problem-solving sessions for other courses or it can serve as a place for student design teams to work together on a project.

 

ii)     Classroom Facilities – Classroom instruction in aerospace engineering is continually being revised, updated and improved to reflect the latest developments in the field and to incorporate the best and most appropriate instructional technology.  To support these efforts, all of the classrooms in the AE School are also being continuously improved with the addition of new but proven A/V technology appropriate to our program of undergraduate instruction.

 

iii)    Aerospace Structures Laboratory – The Aerospace Structures Laboratory provides hands-on experience in structural testing and experimental data collection and analysis for every aerospace engineering undergraduate.  Space for the laboratory is located in Room 301 of the Montgomery Knight building.  In addition, space is shared with the Structures and Materials Laboratory in Room 106 of the Montgomery Knight building, and the Composites Manufacturing Laboratory, located in Rooms 216-217 of the Weber building.

 

The structures laboratory is currently taught as one course, AE 3145, offered each semester of the academic year.  This one-credit hour class is offered in three or four sections each semester, with enrollment in each section limited to twelve students.  The course consists of seven two-week laboratory experiment cycles, with a one-hour lecture offered during the first week and a three-hour laboratory performed the following week of each cycle. 

 

The student selects seven experiments from a supplied list.  This list changes as new experiments are designed and developed.  Training is provided to allow each student to install strain gages in at least one of these experiments.  Tests are conducted, data collected, and formal written reports prepared for each experiment.  Where applicable, comparisons between experimental findings and analyses are made.  Analysis of the data and data visualization are carried out using spreadsheets and Matlab scripts while reports are prepared using word processors. 

 

A member of the faculty teaches the laboratory course for a full year.  Two graduate Teaching Assistants are assigned to assist students in each laboratory section.  One Instron screw-jack testing machine with modern computer-based controller is available in Room 301 for structural testing, and a second Instron 8500 series servohydraulic test machine, also computer controlled, is available in the Structures and Materials Lab.  Thus, both static testing with controlled screw-jack displacements and full dynamic testing under load, displacement, or strain control can be experienced.  The laboratory is also equipped with a computerized data acquisition system, and emphasis is placed on the use of this system by the students to automate data collection from the experiments whenever possible.  This is part of a joint effort with the Aerodynamics Laboratory (AE3051) to develop and implement a unified treatment of computerized data acquisition and control in tests using advanced instrumentation.

 

The laboratory has been upgraded over the past five years.  Through Technology Fee Equipment Grant funding, the electro-mechanical Instron testing machine located in the laboratory has been upgraded with a modern digital controller and a computer with test control software.  Using the same funding source, the Instron 8500 servohydraulic test system in the Structures and Materials Lab has been upgraded with a more capable digital controller and with a computer and test control software.  This system, acquired primarily to support the instructional laboratories, is shared with the graduate research program. 

 

The structures laboratory courses provide a laboratory experience with a student/instructor ratio of about 4/1.

 

iv)   Aerodynamics and Propulsion Laboratory Facilities – The laboratory experience in Aerodynamics/Propulsion consists of a two-credit-hour junior-level core course (AE3051).  AE3051 aims to introduce the student to various diagnostic techniques commonly used in fluid mechanics research, preliminary design, and testing, specifically related to aerodynamics and propulsion. 

 

Nine different sets of experiments are performed in AE 3051 during nine laboratory periods stretching over thirteen weeks.  Knowledge of low-speed aerodynamics and two-dimensional compressible flow is assumed; these are covered in AE2020 and 3450, respectively.  Each experiment is built around a series of related measurement techniques.  In addition, the student learns to compare experimental results with the knowledge gained in the lecture courses.  Seven of the nine experiments in AE3051 require results summarized into data reports and the other two require full laboratory reports.  The experiments are performed in teams of three to five, but individual reports have to be prepared by each student.  The reports include the student's answers to several questions.  The grading of the reports considers various aspects of technical reporting and laboratory practice.  In addition, each student makes a ten-minute oral presentation to the class, describing the proposed solution to a hypothetical measurement problem assigned in the last four weeks of the semester.  This "proposal" is graded on creativity, thought, and thoroughness.  The audience is encouraged to ask questions.  The data acquisition procedures are largely computerized and all laboratory reports must be produced using word processing and computer graphics.  However, some aspects of the experiments are done by human observation, careful alignment and adjustment, judgment and qualitative sketches.

 

The facilities required to run AE3051 are located in Room 403/5 and 42" x 42" low speed wind tunnel in Room 106 of the main Aerospace Engineering building.   The Combustion Laboratory is housed in the new Combustion Facilities.  A shock tube is set up parallel to the low turbulence tunnel in the same room.  Supersonic flow experiments are carried out in a Mach 2 tunnel and an in-draft nozzle located in the Combustion Laboratory. In these three facilities, the undergraduate labs and courses are assigned priority in scheduling. 

 

v)    Flight Mechanics and Controls Laboratory Facilities – The undergraduate controls laboratory is the main avenue for teaching analysis, modeling and control of dynamical (mechanical) systems to the undergraduate students in the School of Aerospace Engineering.  Typically, 90-100 undergraduate students take this lab every year. The pre-requisites include AE3521 (Aircraft and Spacecraft Flight Dynamics) and AE3515 (Vibrations and System Dynamics).